PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition)

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Definition and Function

PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) is a vacuum-based coating process that deposits thin, dense films of metals or alloys onto a substrate through physical methods such as evaporation or sputtering. It enhances the surface hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and decorative appearance of the component, while maintaining precise dimensional tolerances.

Colors

Gold

Silver

Gray

Black

PVD coatings come in a wide range of metallic colors depending on the target material and process parameters. Common finishes include gold (TiN), silver-gray (Ti), black (TiAlN or CrN), and rainbow (TiCN), all exhibiting a strong metallic luster and high reflectivity.

Example of a bead-milled + anodized colored part

Technical Properties

Coating Hardness	Coating Thickness	Friction Coefficient	Corrosion Resistance	Heat Resistance	Typical Applications
2000–3000 HV (depending on coating type)	approximately 1–5 μm	as low as 0.2–0.4	greatly improved, suitable for humid or acidic environments	up to 500–800°C	cutting tools, molds, valves, watches, and electronic components

Applicable Materials

Metals: Aluminum Stainless Steel Brass Copper Titanium Mild Steel Alloy Steel Tool Steel Spring Steel

Process Characteristics

Performed in a high-vacuum environment with no chemical residues—environmentally friendly;

Strong coating adhesion, high density, and uniform thickness;

Thin coating layer (typically 1–5 μm), maintaining dimensional accuracy;

Applicable to substrates such as stainless steel, titanium, and hard alloys;

Combines decorative and functional performance in one process.